Human Right to Water and Sanitation Remains a Political
Mirage
Indigenous women hauling water in Chiapas, Mexico.
Credit: Mauricio Ramos/IPS
UNITED NATIONS, Aug 1 2012 (IPS) - When the
193-member General Assembly, the U.N.’s highest policy-making body, declared
water and sanitation a basic human right back in July 2010, the adoption of that
divisive resolution was hailed by many as a “historic” achievement.
But as the international community commemorated the second anniversary of
that resolution last week, there was hardly any political rejoicing either
inside or outside the United Nations.
“This human right is yet to be fully implemented,” complained a coalition of
15 international non-governmental organisations (NGOs), whose members describe
themselves as “water justice activists”.
Demanding concrete action by individual governments, the coalition said, “As
members of the global water justice movement, we are deeply concerned to see
little progress being made towards the full implementation of this right.”
In a letter sent to member states, the 15 organisations said that as
“governments aggressively pursue false solutions to the environmental and
economic crises, the situation will only deepen the water injustices that our
organisations and communities have been fighting for decades.”
The coalition includes the Council of Canadians, the Blue Planet Project,
Food and Water Watch, National Alliance of People’s Movement of India, People’s
Coalition for the Right to Water in Indonesia and Food and Water Europe.
The organisations, in collaboration with the Blue Planet Project, have
produced a series of reports examining key obstacles to the implementation of
the human right to water in several countries, including Argentina, Ecuador,
Canada, Colombia, Indonesia, India, Palestine, the United States and countries
in Europe.
In March, the U.N. children’s agency UNICEF and the World Health Organisation
(WHO) released a joint report claiming that the Millennium Development Goal
(MDG) target of halving the proportion of people without access to safe drinking
water (spelled out under Goal 7 on environmental sustainability) has been
reached well in advance of the 2015 deadline.
“Today, we recognise a great achievement for people of the world,”
Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon said, with a tinge of pride, pointing out that
“this is one of the first MDG targets to be met.”
At the end of 2010, 89 percent of the world’s population, or 6.1 billion
people, used improved drinking water sources, such as piped supplies and
protected wells, according to the
study titled
“Progress on Drinking Water and Sanitation 2012.”
This is one percent more than the 88 percent MDG target. And by 2015, about
92 percent of the global population will have access to improved drinking water,
says the report released by the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water
Supply and Sanitation.
A cautious UNICEF Executive Director Anthony Lake warned that victory could
not yet be declared since at least 11 percent of the world’s population –
roughly around 783 million people – are still without access to safe drinking
water, and billions without sanitation facilities.
Tom Slaymaker, senior policy analyst at the London-based WaterAid, told IPS
it is too early to say that the resolution on the human right to water has
failed in its implementation.
“But two years on we have not yet seen the sort of step change in effort
needed to reverse the historical neglect of water and, more particularly,
sanitation in international development cooperation,” he added.
Slaymaker said the second “High Level Meeting of Sanitation and Water for All
Partnership”, in April 2012, offered encouraging signs of increased political
attention to the problem.
“But the resulting government commitments to get countries off-track to
achieve the sanitation MDG back on track to meet the target in 2015 need to be
backed up with the required financial resources to make progressive realisation
of the human right to water and sanitation a reality,” he said.
A further key test, he pointed out, will be the extent to which emerging
goals for development in the post MDG era take account of obligations relating
to the human right to water and sanitation and set ambitious new targets for
achieving universal access.
The resolution in the General Assembly proved politically divisive, with 122
countries voting for it and 41 abstaining, but with no negative votes.
The United States abstained and so did some of the European and
industrialised countries, including Britain, Australia, Austria, Canada, Greece,
Sweden, Japan, Israel, South Korea, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Denmark, and
Ireland.
But several developing nations, mostly from Africa, also abstained on the
vote, siding with rich industrial countries.
These included Botswana, Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, Zambia, Guyana and
Trinidad and Tobago.
In its letter, the NGO coalition said the recently concluded Rio+20 summit on
sustainable development affirmed “full and unquestioned consensus among UN
Member States regarding the human right to water and sanitation”.
“We are therefore demanding the full implementation of this vital human
right, and remedies to the tremendous obstacles we are facing in all of our
regions,” the letter added.
The letter refers to several regional chapters in a new report titled “Our
Right to Water: A People’s Guide to Implementing the United Nations’ Recognition
of Water and Sanitation as a Human Right” authored by Maude Barlow, chairperson
of the Council of Canadians and former senior advisor on water to the 63rd
president of the United Nations General Assembly.
These reports, the letters says, provide several regionally-specific
recommendations to ensure the progressive realization of the human right to
water and sanitation.
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